FORMACIÓN DEL "PRESENT PERFECT"
El "present perfect" de cualquier verbo está
compuesto por dos elementos: la forma apropiada del verbo auxiliar to
have (en presente) y el "past participle" del verbo principal.
La forma del "past participle" de un verbo regular es raíz+ed,
e.g. played, arrived, looked. En cuanto a los verbos irregulares, consulta
la Tabla de verbos irregulares de la sección 'Verbos'.
TO WALK PRESENT PERFECT.
Afirmativa
|
Negativa
|
Interrogativa
|
I have walked
|
I haven't walked
|
Have I walked?
|
You have walked
|
You haven't walked.
|
Have you walked?
|
He, she,
it has walked
|
He, she, hasn't walked
|
Has he, she, it walked?
|
We have walked
|
We haven't walked
|
Have we walked?
|
You have walked
|
You haven't walked
|
Have you walked?
|
They have walked
|
They haven't walked
|
Have they walked?
|
FUNCIONES DEL "PRESENT PERFECT"
El "present perfect" se emplea para señalar un
vínculo entre el presente y el pasado. El tiempo en que transcurre la acción
es anterior al presente pero inespecífico y, a menudo, recae un mayor
interés sobre el resultado que sobre la propia acción.
¡CUIDADO! Puede que, en tu idioma, exista un tiempo
verbal con una estructura similar pero es probable que su significado NO sea el
mismo.
EL "PRESENT PERFECT" SE UTILIZA PARA DESCRIBIR
Una acción o situación iniciada en el pasado y que continúa
en el presente. I have lived in Bristol since 1984 (=
todavía vivo allí.)
Una acción realizada durante un periodo de tiempo aún no
concluido. Shehas beento the cinema twice this week (= la semana
todavía no ha terminado.)
Una acción repetida en un periodo temporal inespecífico
situado entre el pasado y el presente. We have visited Portugal
several times.
Una acción que ha concluido en un pasado muy reciente, lo
que se indica mediante 'just'. I have just finished my
work.
Una acción para la cual no es importante el momento preciso
en que aconteció. He has read 'War and Peace'. (= lo
relevante es el resultado de la acción)
ACCIONES INICIADAS EN EL PASADO Y QUE CONTINÚAN EN EL
PRESENTE
They haven't lived here for years.
She has worked in the bank for five years.
We have had the same car for ten years.
Have you played the piano since you were a child?
CUANDO SE HACE REFERENCIA A UN PERIODO TEMPORAL INACABADO
I have worked hard this week.
It has rained a lot this year.
We haven't seen her today.
ACCIONES REITERADAS EN UN PERIODO INESPECÍFICO, ENTRE EL
PASADO Y EL PRESENTE.
They have seen that film six times
It has happened several times already.
She has visited them frequently.
We have eaten at that restaurant many times.
ACCIONES CONCLUIDAS EN UN PASADO MUY RECIENTE (+JUST)
Have you just finished work?
I have just eaten.
We have just seen her.
Has he just left?
CUANDO LA DIMENSIÓN TEMPORAL NO ES RELEVANTE O CONOCIDA
Someone has eaten my soup!
Have you seen 'Gone with the Wind'?
She's studied Japanese, Russian, and English.
PLAYERS USING THIS PERFECT
1. I
have worked for my uncle. (Yo he trabajado para mi tío)
2. She
has finished her homework. (Ella ha terminado su tarea)
3. I
have to go, we have talked for more than two hours. (Yo me tengo que ir,
nosotros hemos hablado por más de dos horas)
4. We
have visited them once a week for the last year. (Nosotros los hemos visitado
una vez por semana durante el último año)
5. He
has returned my car at last. (El ha regresado mi automóvil al fin)
6. It
has rained once a week for the last month. (Ha llovido una vez a la semana
durante el último mes)
7. They
have completed the project. (Ellos han completado el proyecto)
8. I
have cooked something special for you. (Yo he cocinado algo especial para ti)
9. I
have worked in that firm for many years. (Yo he trabajado en esa
empresa por muchos años)
10. We
have loved each other for twenty years. (Nosotros nos hemos amado uno al otro
por veinte años)
11. He
has finished reading my book. (Él ha terminado de leer mi libro)
12. You
have invested in something revolutionary. (Tú has invertido en algo
revolucionario)
13. I
have played this game several times. (Yo he jugado este juego varias veces)
14. We
have looked everywhere for the keys. (Nosotros hemos buscado en todas partes
las llaves)
15. I
have watched two seasons of this T.V. show. (Yo he visto dos temporadas de este
programa de televisión)
Video explaining the funtions of the present perfect.
SONG USING THIS PERFECT
No hay comentarios.:
Publicar un comentario