FUNCIONES DEL "PAST PERFECT"
El "past perfect" hace referencia a un
tiempo anterior al pasado reciente. Se emplea para señalar que un
evento ocurrió antes que otro en el pasado. No importa cuál de los eventos
se mencione primero, porque el tiempo verbal deja claro el orden temporal en
que acontecieron.
En estos ejemplos, el Evento A es el que primero ocurrió y
el Evento B tuvo lugar a continuación, es el más reciente:
Evento A
|
Evento B
|
John had gone out
|
when I arrived in the office.
|
Evento A
|
Evento B
|
I had saved my document
|
before the computer crashed.
|
Evento B
|
Evento A
|
When they arrived
|
we had already started cooking.
|
Evento B
|
Evento A
|
He was very tired
|
because he hadn't slept well.
|
FORMACIÓN DEL "PAST PERFECT"
En inglés, el "past perfect" está compuesto por
dos partes: el pasado del verbo to have (had) + el "past
participle" del verbo principal.
Sujeto
|
had
|
past participle
|
Afirmativa
|
||
She
|
had
|
given
|
Negativa
|
||
She
|
hadn't
|
asked.
|
Interrogativa
|
||
Had
|
they
|
arrived?
|
Interrogativa negativa
|
||
Hadn't
|
you
|
finished?
|
TO DECIDE, "PAST PERFECT"
Afirmativa
|
Negativa
|
Interrogativa
|
I had decided
|
I hadn't decided
|
Had I decided?
|
You had decided
|
You hadn't decided
|
Had you decided?
|
She had decided
|
She hadn't decided
|
Had she decided?
|
We had decided
|
We hadn't decided
|
Had we decided?
|
They had decided
|
They hadn't decided
|
Had they decided?
|
"PAST PERFECT" + JUST
'Just' se utiliza con el "past perfect" para
referirse a un evento acontecido muy poco antes de otro evento situado en el
pasado, e.g.
The train had just left when I arrived at the
station.
She had just left the room when the police
arrived.
I had just put the washing out when it started to
rain.
- I had worked for my uncle. (Yo había trabajado para mi tío)
- She had finished her homework. (Ella había terminado su tarea)
- We had talked for more than two hours. (Nosotros habíamos hablado por más de dos horas)
- We had visited them once a week for the last year. (Nosotros los habíamos visitado una vez por semana durante el último año)
- He had returned my car at last. (El había regresado mi automóvil al fin)
- It had rained once a week for the last month. (Había llovido una vez a la semana durante el último mes)
- They had completed the project. (Ellos habían completado el proyecto)
- I had cooked something special for you. (Yo había cocinado algo especial para ti)
- I had worked in that firm for many years. (Yo había trabajado en esa empresa por muchos años)
- We had loved each other for twenty years. (Nosotros nos habíamos amado uno al otro por veinte años)
- He had finished reading my book. (Él había terminado de leer mi libro)
- You had invested in something revolutionary. (Tú habías invertido en algo revolucionario)
- I had played this game several times. (Yo había jugado este juego varias veces)
- We had looked everywhere for the keys. (Nosotros habíamos buscado en todas partes las llaves)
- I had watched two seasons of this T.V. show. (Yo había visto dos temporadas de este programa de televisión)
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